The jury is still out on whether space based or Moon based telescopes are superior, and for what purposes.

Telescopes may be either single tube, or an array. They may study the visible light spectrum, an extended version of it, or the radio frequencies. And they may be Earth based, space based or Moon based.  To a first approximation, the resolution of an array of telescopes is based on the furthest distance between the individual scopes in the array.

Concerns have been raised that the static properties of Lunar dust would make it impossible to use telescopes from the surface of the Moon. This subject is not handled in the book, as it is highly speculative at this time.  Anti-static devices exist, but again actual testing would be required to validate them in the lunar environment.

The book includes a subplot related to the building of an array of several dozen telescopes at a lunar equatorial location, intended to directly image in detail our solar system. In this scene the French decide to build the lunar array in large part because the gamers’ presence with their rovers and the materials of the surface provided labor, and basic materials. Building in space would require lifting all materials from the Earth, a very difficult and expensive task.

Resolution from the Moon of objects on Earth in the optical range would be about two meters per pixel.  Resolution would be about one kilometer per pixel for objects in the Asteroid Belt, such as the micro planet Ceres.

If the radio spectrum was used, the resolution would be far higher due to the shorter wavelengths.

Assuming an angular resolution of 0.001 arc second, Ceres would image at about one pixel per kilometer.  It is 980 kilometers in diameter.  This of course would mean that work could be done with a telescope which now requires sending a space probe.